Research on Anti-inflammatory Targets and Mechanisms of alkaloids in Picrasma quassioides Benn Through Network Pharmacology

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Picrasma quassioides Benn against inflammation by means of network pharmacology. The paper will provide a reference for multi-target and multi-channel treatment of inflammation with traditional Chinese medicine. Through screening and analysis, 11 active ingredients and 109 anti-inflammation prediction targets were obtained and constructed a compound-target network. The targets such as VEGFA, TLR4 and STAT3 may play a crucial role. Network enrichment analysis showed that the 109 potential targets constitute a number of pathways or inflammatory reactions closely related to inflammation, including NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. The docking results indicated that the binding energy of Picrasidine Y and the inflammatory factors VEGFA is the highest. This study predicted the role of multiple active compounds in the alkaloids of Picrasma in the inflammatory response, and provided a theoretical basis for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Picrasma

Living through multispecies societies: Approaching the microbiome with Imanishi Kinji.

Recent research about the microbiome points to a picture in which we, humans, are 'living through' nature, and nature itself is living in us. Our bodies are hosting-and depend on-the multiple species that constitute human microbiota. This article will discuss current research on the microbiome through the ideas of Japanese ecologist Imanishi Kinji (1902-1992). First, some of Imanishi's key ideas regarding the world of living beings and multispecies societies are presented. Second, seven types of relationships concerning the human microbiome, human beings, and the environment are explored. Third, inspired by Imanishi's work, this paper develops the idea of dynamic, porous, and complex multispecies societies in which different living beings or species are codependent on others, including microbiota and human beings.

Body Mapping and Story Circles in Sexual Health Research With Youth of Color: Methodological Insights and Study Findings From Adolescent X, an Art-Based Research Project.

We describe the implementation and select findings from Adolescent X, an arts-based research project that used story circles and body mapping to elucidate how young people understand the relationship between their social contexts and their sexual and reproductive health, with a particular focus on youth's understandings of gender, sexuality, and the body as sites of possibility and power. A community-based sample of N = 24 youth of color was recruited from the South and West Sides of Chicago to participate in 3-day workshops. In addition to story circles and body mapping, data were collected via brief surveys with N = 24 youth, debriefing groups (n = 10 youth), and focus groups (n = 14 youth). Study data consisted of (1) body map visuals, that is, legends, mini-, and full-body maps; (2) written body map narratives; and (3) audio recordings of the story circles, body mapping activities, debriefing groups, and focus groups. All audio recordings were transcribed, deidentified, and uploaded in Dedoose for qualitative thematic analysis. Data analysis was conducted by a team of independent coders. Across all sources of data, three major themes were identified: (1) strong feelings of unsafety related to how young people's bodies are gendered, sexualized, and racialized in different social settings; (2) the extent to which adults and institutions foster youth safety; and (3) sources of young people's coping and resilience. Implications for public health research, practice, and policy are discussed.

In silico investigation on the probable macromolecular drug targets involved in the anti-schizophrenia activity of Nardostachys jatamansi

Abstract Existing medications i.e. the antipsychotic drugs are known to be effective in treating only the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, while being ineffective on negative and cognitive symptoms of the disease. In addition, these medications cause extrapyramidal symptoms, forcing many patients towards natural medicine in the hope of minimizing the unwanted adverse effects. Nardostachys jatamansi is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally prescribed for various types of brain disorders. The active constituents of the plant have beneficial effects on the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. This study was designed to identify the active constituents of Nardostachys jatamansi with the highest binding affinities for the key macromolecular drug targets involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and thereby elucidate the possible mechanism of action. These targets are dopamine receptors, Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and Phosphodiesterase 10A. The results of molecular docking showed that, β-sitosterol, chlorogenic acid, oleanic acid and ursolic acid, displayed high binding affinity toward all the macromolecular drug targets. Ligands with steroid backbone and pentacyclic triterpene structure have been found to possess high binding affinity toward the dopamine receptor and phosphodiesterase 10A. While ligands with carbonyl group form stronger binding interactions with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.

The ancient Tuberculosis in the novel COVID-19 scenario

Abstract Recently, the world has coped with the challenge of the novel SARS-CoV-2 rapid spreading, causing COVID-19. This scenario has overburdened health systems, forced social isolation, and interrupted some services, changing the way how health assistance is provided. The management of chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis is a sensitive matter in times when the control strategies are at risk. In this sense, how could a high burden disease such as tuberculosis affect or be affected when combined with the COVID-19 pandemic? Patients with tuberculosis have a social background and lung impairment that represent risks in the pandemic scenario of another widely transmitted respiratory disease. Thus, even with several questions remaining unanswered, research and public policies should be addressed to control the effects of the current highly contagious COVID-19 without forgetting how it will affect the natural progression of patients suffering from tuberculosis.

Research on Molecular Mechanism of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi against Osteoporosis based on Network Pharmacology

Abstract TCMSP platform of systematic pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (NZZ, Chinese abbreviation) against osteoporosis (OP) by means of network pharmacology.ChemDraw Professional 15.1 software and Molinspiration Smiles database were used to draw the chemical formulas of the components. The active ingredients and related target proteins of NZZ were searched in platform of systematic pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine database, Drugbank, Therapeutic Target Database, SymMap and other databases. Gene Ontology(GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were carried out on the selected target through Enrichr and KEGG Automatic Annotation databases, and their mechanism was studied. A total of 29 compounds and 140 corresponding targets, including 14 key targets and 14 protein factors in protein-protein interaction core network were obtained. The key targets were tumor necrosis factor(TNF), interleukin(IL)-6R and sestrogen receptor alpha. The number of GO items was 466 (P<0.05), including 399 items of biological process (BP), 54 items of cell composition (MF) and 13 items of molecular function (CC). KEGG pathway enrichment screened 85 signaling pathways (P<0.05), including the IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, advanced glycation end products and their receptors signaling pathway and cAMP signaling pathway. The active ingredients of NZZ. exert their anti-OP effects through multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways, which can provide new evidence for further study of their anti-OP mechanism.

Aportes al debate sobre investigación teórica o conceptual / Contributions to the debate on theoretical or conceptual research

El presente artículo pretende abonar el debate sobre la delimitación y alcance de lo que en algunos informes de investigación y en la bibliografía existente se ha nominado como investigación teórica o investigación conceptual. Aunque varios autores hacen referencia a este tipo de investigaciones hemos encontrado ambigüedades en el uso de estos términos, así como inespecificidades o superposiciones en estas nominaciones y en las connotaciones y clasificaciones que les subyacen. Algunas de las divergencias relevadas son las que tienden a confundir la investigación conceptual con la investigación cualitativa, la investigación bibliográfica o documental, el estudio de caso, las monografías o incluso lejos de encuadrarse en un cierto tipo de investigación, hacer extensiva la confusión a conceptos metodológicos tales como marco teórico o rastreo del estado del arte. Proponemos revisar los fundamentos, implicancias y alcances específicos de este tipo particular de investigaciones a partir de algunas reflexiones epistemológicas y metodológicas(AU)

This article aims to support the debate on the delimitation and scope of what in some research reports and in the existing bibliography has been nominated as theoretical research or conceptual research. Although several authors refer to this type of research, we have found ambiguities in the use of these terms, as well as non-specificities or overlaps in these nominations and in the connotations and classifications that underlie them. Some of the divergences found are those that tend to confuse conceptual research with qualitative research, bibliographic or documentary research, case studies, monographs or even far from being framed in a certain type of research, extending the confusion to concepts methodologies suchas theoretical framework or tracking of the state of the art. We propose to review the foundations, implications and specific scope of this particular type of research based on some epistemological and methodological reflections(AU)

Cet article vise à soutenir le débat sur la délimitation et la portée de ce qui dans certains rapports de recherche et dans la bibliographie existante a été nommé comme recherche théorique ou recherche conceptuelle. Bien que plusieurs auteurs se réfèrent à ce type de recherche, nous avons trouvé des ambiguïtés dans l'utilisation de ces termes, ainsi que des non-spécificités ou des chevauchements dans ces nominations et dans les connotations et classifications qui les sous-tendent. Certaines des divergences constatées sont celles qui tendent à confondre la recherche conceptuelle avec la recherche qualitative, la recherche bibliographique ou documentaire, les études de cas, les monographies ou même loin de s'inscrire dans un certain type de recherche, étendant la confusion aux concepts méthodologiques tels que cadre théorique ou suivi de l'état de l'art.Nous proposons de passer en revue les fondements, les implications et la portée spécifique de ce type particulier de recherche à partir de quelques réflexions épistémologiques et méthodologiques(AU)

Este artigo tem como objetivo apoiar o debate sobre a delimitação e o alcance do que em alguns relatórios de pesquisa e na bibliografia existente tem sido denominado como pesquisa teórica ou pesquisa conceitual. Embora vários autores façam referência a esse tipo de pesquisa, encontramos ambigüidades no uso desses termos, bem como não especificidades ou sobreposições nessas nomeações e nas conotações e classificações que as fundamentam. Algumas das divergências encontradas são aquelas que tendem a confundir pesquisa conceitual com pesquisa qualitativa, pesquisa bibliográfica ou documental, estudos de caso, monografias ou mesmo longe de estarem enquadradas em um determinado tipo depesquisa, estendendo a confusão a conceitos metodológicos como referencial teórico ou acompanhamento do estado da arte.Propomo-nos a fazer uma revisão dos fundamentos, implicações e alcance específico deste tipo particular de investigação a partir de algumas reflexões epistemológicas e metodológicas(AU)

Quinolinotriazole antiplasmodials via click chemistry: synthesis and in vitro studies of 7-Chloroquinoline-based compounds

Malaria is nowadays one of the most serious health concerns in a global scale and, although there is an evident increase in research studies in this area, pointed by the vast number of hits and leads, it still appears as a recurrent topic every year due to the drug resistance shown by the parasite exposing the urgent need to develop new antimalarial medications. In this work, 38 molecules were synthesized via copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) or "click" chemistry, following different routes to produce 2 different organic azides, obtained from a 4,7 dicholoquinoline, reacted with 19 different commercially available terminal alkynes. All those new compounds were evaluated for their in vitro activity against the chloroquine resistant malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (W2). The cytotoxicity evaluation was accomplished using Hep G2 cells and SI index was calculated for every molecule. Some of the quinoline derivatives have shown high antimalarial activity, with IC50 values in the range of 1.72-8.66 µM, low cytotoxicity, with CC50>1000 µM and selectivity index (SI) in the range of 20-100, with some compounds showing SI>800. Therefore, the quinolinotriazole hybrids could be considered a very important step on the development of new antimalarial drugs

Investigaciones clínicas sobre Medicina Natural y Tradicional publicadas en revistas cubanas / Clinical researches on natural and traditional medicine published in Cuban journals

RESUMEN Introducción: los profesionales dedicados a la medicina natural y tradicional deben establecer y divulgar las evidencias científicas para su uso adecuado y seguro. Objetivos: identificar artículos científicos relacionados con investigaciones clínicas sobre medicina natural y tradicional en revistas médicas cubanas y describir algunas de sus características. Material y Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal; se analizaron los artículos originales publicados entre los años 2007 y 2018 en seis revistas médicas cubanas: Plantas Medicinales, Medicina Natural y Tradicional, Medicina General Integral, Estomatología, Medicina Militar y Farmacia; realizados en personas y en Cuba. Se identificó año de publicación, tipo de estudio (descriptivo, analítico, ensayo clínico), variable principal (eficacia, seguridad, otros), provincia dónde se ejecutó; en los ensayos clínicos se identificó la modalidad empleada, la enfermedad del paciente y el nivel de atención de salud en que se realizaron. Resultados: se encontraron 36 artículos; se publicaron más en los años 2007 y 2016; 69,4 % eran ensayos clínicos; la mayoría se realizó en La Habana (41,6%). En los ensayos clínicos las modalidades más estudiadas fueron la acupuntura (28,0 %) y la fitoterapia, 20,0%; se emplearon más en pacientes con enfermedades estomatológicas, 28,0%; su ejecución predominó en el nivel primario de atención de salud, 64,0%. Conclusiones: fueron insuficientes los artículos relacionados con investigaciones clínicas sobre medicina natural y tradicional que se publicaron en seis revistas que abordan esta temática, esta situación atenta contra la prescripción de esta opción terapéutica, basada en evidencias científicas (AU).

SUMMARY Introduction: the professionals devoted to natural and traditional medicine should study and publish the scientific evidences for its rational and safe use. Objectives: to identify scientific articles related to clinical researches on natural and traditional medicine in Cuban medical journals and to describe some of their characteristics. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study; the authors analyzed the original articles published in the period 2007-2018 on researches made in Cuban people and in Cuba in six Cuban medical journals: Plantas Medicinales, Medicina Natural y Tradicional, Medicina General Integral, Estomatología, Medicina Militar y Farmacia. The year of publication, kind of study (descriptive, analytic, clinical trial), main variable (efficacy, safeness, others), and province where they were identified; in the case of clinical trial: the used modality, the patient's disease and the level of the health care where they took place were also identified. Results: 36 articles were found; the years when they were published the most were 2007 and 2016; 69.4 % were clinical trials; most of them were carried out in La Habana (41.6 %). In clinical trials, the most studied modalities were acupuncture (28.0 %) and physiotherapy (20.0 %); they were used more in patients with dental diseases (28.0 %); they were used mainly at the primary health care (64.0 %). Conclusions: there were insufficient the articles related to clinical researches on natural and traditional medicine published in six journals approaching these themes; this situation attempts against the use of this therapeutic use, based on scientific evidences (AU).

Profiling Clinical Research Activity at an Academic Medical Center by Using Institutional Databases: Content Analysis.

BACKGROUND: It is important to monitor the scope of clinical research of all types, to involve participants of all ages and subgroups in studies that are appropriate to their condition, and to ensure equal access and broad validity of the findings. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a review of clinical research performed at New York University with the following objectives: (1) to determine the utility of institutional administrative data to characterize clinical research activity; (2) to assess the inclusion of special populations; and (3) to determine if the type, initiation, and completion of the study differed by age. METHODS: Data for all studies that were institutional review board-approved between January 1, 2014, and November 2, 2016, were obtained from the research navigator system, which was launched in November 2013. One module provided details about the study protocol, and another module provided the characteristics of individual participants. Research studies were classified as observational or interventional. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the characteristics of clinical studies across the lifespan, by type, and over time. RESULTS: A total of 22%-24% of studies included children (minimum age <18 years) and 4%-5% focused exclusively on pediatrics. Similarly, 64%-72% of studies included older patients (maximum age >65 years) but only 5%-12% focused exclusively on geriatrics. Approximately 85% of the studies included both male and female participants. Of the remaining studies, those open only to girls or women were approximately 3 times as common as those confined to boys or men. A total of 56%-58% of projects focused on nonvulnerable patients. Among the special populations studied, children (12%-15%) were the most common. Noninterventional trial types included research on human data sets (24%), observational research (22%), survey research (16%), and biospecimen research (8%). The percentage of projects designed to test an intervention in a vulnerable population increased from 17% in 2014 to 21% in 2015. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric participants were the special population that was most often studied based on the number of registered projects that included children and adolescents. However, they were much less likely to be successfully enrolled in research studies compared with adults older than 65 years. Only 20% of the studies were interventional, and 20%-35% of participants in this category were from vulnerable populations. More studies are exclusively devoted to women's health issues compared with men's health issues.

Paulo Freire's research itinerary: contributions for promoting health in the teaching profession.

OBJECTIVES: examine Paulo Freire's research itinerary as a theoretical-methodological framework and its contributions for promoting health in the teaching profession. METHODS: qualitative participatory action research coordinated with Paulo Freire's itinerary, carried out in culture circles, from April 18, 2018 to June 26, 2018. It involved the participation of 21 teachers from a federal teaching institution. RESULTS: the method that was used promoted dialogue and reflection among the participants, enabling a health promotion intervention. It facilitated self-knowledge and reflection, resulting in significant changes in the participants, in a process in pursuit that seeks transformations. Final Considerations: Paulo Freire's research itinerary was opportune, as a possibility for promoting health, mainly in terms of providing a framework that assists in the practical construction of knowledge and encourages participants to examine their reality in the pursuit of enhanced quality of life.

Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: what are they and which is better?

Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment is an important step before study initiation usage. Therefore, accurately judging study type is the first priority, and the choosing proper tool is also important. In this review, we introduced methodological quality assessment tools for randomized controlled trial (including individual and cluster), animal study, non-randomized interventional studies (including follow-up study, controlled before-and-after study, before-after/ pre-post study, uncontrolled longitudinal study, interrupted time series study), cohort study, case-control study, cross-sectional study (including analytical and descriptive), observational case series and case reports, comparative effectiveness research, diagnostic study, health economic evaluation, prediction study (including predictor finding study, prediction model impact study, prognostic prediction model study), qualitative study, outcome measurement instruments (including patient - reported outcome measure development, content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, cross-cultural validity/ measurement invariance, reliability, measurement error, criterion validity, hypotheses testing for construct validity, and responsiveness), systematic review and meta-analysis, and clinical practice guideline. The readers of our review can distinguish the types of medical studies and choose appropriate tools. In one word, comprehensively mastering relevant knowledge and implementing more practices are basic requirements for correctly assessing the methodological quality.

Mapping palliative and end of care research in Australia (2000-2018).

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to map the existent research undertaken in Australia into broad thematic areas and identify the characteristics of the studies and areas of future research in the literature. METHODS: A scoping review methodology was employed to map the current areas of research undertaken in Australia since January 2000 until the end of December 2018 according to years of publications, types of studies, populations studied, research themes, and areas of focus. RESULTS: Our review identified 1,405 Australian palliative care research publications between January 2000 and December 2018. Nearly 40% of the studies were quantitative (39%) and a third were qualitative studies (31%). The remainder of the studies were reviews, mixed methods, quality improvement projects, and others. One-third (30%) of the research was done with carers' participants followed by nurses (22%) and doctors and physicians (18%). The most frequently reported diagnosis in the studies was cancer with 42% of the publication total. The most frequently explored theme was physical symptoms (such as pain, breathlessness, nausea, delirium, and dyspnea) with a total of 16% of all articles followed by communication (15%). There was a large gap to the next most frequently explored theme with service delivery (9%) and coordination of care (8%). Assessment of patients (7%), end-of-life decision-making (6%), and rural/regional (6%) all produced a similar number of publications. Very few studies addressed topics such as quality of life, E-Health, after-hours care, spirituality, and health economics. Moreover, there were only 15 (1%) studies focused on the last days of life. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS: The current review presented a comprehensive search of the literature across almost two decades in Australia in the palliative care setting. It has covered a breadth of research topics and highlighted urgent areas for further research.

Pluralism and incommensurability in suicide research.

This paper examines the complex research landscape of contemporary suicidology from a philosophy of science perspective. I begin by unpacking the methods, concepts, and assumptions of some of the prominent approaches to studying suicide causation, including psychological autopsy studies, epidemiological studies, biological studies, and qualitative studies. I then analyze the different ways these approaches partition the causes of suicide, with particular emphasis on the ways they conceptualize the domain of mental disorder. I argue that these different ways of partitioning the causal space and conceptualizing mental disorder result in incommensurabilities between the approaches. These incommensurabilities restrict the degrees to which the different approaches can be integrated, thus lending support to explanatory pluralism in the study of suicide causation. They also shed light on some of the philosophical underpinnings of the disagreement between mainstream suicidology and the emerging area of critical suicidology.

Paulo Freire's research itinerary: contributions for promoting health in the teaching profession / Itinerario de Investigación de Paulo Freire: contribuciones a la promoción de salud en el trabajo docente / Itinerário de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire: contribuições para Promover a Saúde no Trabalho Docente

ABSTRACT Objectives: examine Paulo Freire's research itinerary as a theoretical-methodological framework and its contributions for promoting health in the teaching profession. Methods: qualitative participatory action research coordinated with Paulo Freire's itinerary, carried out in culture circles, from April 18, 2018 to June 26, 2018. It involved the participation of 21 teachers from a federal teaching institution. Results: the method that was used promoted dialogue and reflection among the participants, enabling a health promotion intervention. It facilitated self-knowledge and reflection, resulting in significant changes in the participants, in a process in pursuit that seeks transformations. Final Considerations: Paulo Freire's research itinerary was opportune, as a possibility for promoting health, mainly in terms of providing a framework that assists in the practical construction of knowledge and encourages participants to examine their reality in the pursuit of enhanced quality of life.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el Itinerario de Investigación de Paulo Freire como referencial teórico metodológico y sus contribuciones a la promoción de salud en el trabajo docente. Métodos: estudio cualitativo tipo acción participante, articulada al Itinerario de Investigación de Paulo Freire, desarrollada en cinco círculos culturales, entre el 18/04/2018 y el 26/06/2018. Participaron 21 profesores de una institución educativa federal. Resultados: el método utilizado contribuyó al diálogo y la reflexión entre los participantes, posibilitando una intervención de promoción de salud. Facilitó el autoconocimiento y la reflexión, provocando cambios significativos en los participantes hacia un proceso de búsqueda de transformaciones. Consideraciones Finales: el Itinerario de Investigación de Paulo Freire resultó conveniente. Se lo considera oportuno para la promoción de salud, particularmente por tratarse de un referencial que favoreció la construcción práctica de saberes y por promover que los participantes analizaran su realidad en la búsqueda de calidad de vida.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o Itinerário de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire como referencial teórico metodológico e contribuição para Promover Saúde no Trabalho Docente. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa do tipo ação participante articulada ao Itinerário de Paulo Freire, desenvolvida em cinco Círculos de Cultura, no período de 18/04/2018 a 26/06/2018. Envolveu a participação de 21 professores deem uma instituição de ensino federal. Resultados: o método utilizado contribuiu para diálogo e reflexão entre os participantes e permitiu uma intervenção para a promoção da saúde. Cooperou para autoconhecimento e reflexão, proporcionando mudanças significativas dos participantes, para um processo de busca por transformações. Considerações Finais: o Itinerário de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire apresentou-se oportuno. É percebido como uma possibilidade para promover a saúde, principalmente quando se trata de um referencial que ajudou na construção prática de saberes e estimulou os participantes a analisarem sua realidade na busca de qualidade de vida.

Building internal capacity in pragmatic trials: a workshop for program scientists at the US National Cancer Institute.

BACKGROUND: Building capacity in research funding organizations to support the conduct of pragmatic clinical trials is an essential component of advancing biomedical and public health research. To date, efforts to increase the ability to design and carry out pragmatic trials have largely focused on training researchers. To complement these efforts, we developed an interactive workshop tailored to meet the roles and responsibilities of program scientists at the National Cancer Institute-the leading cancer research funding agency in the USA. The objectives of the workshop were to improve the understanding of pragmatic trials and enhance the capacity to distinguish between elements that make a trial more pragmatic or more explanatory among key programmatic staff. To our knowledge, this is the first reported description of such a workshop. MAIN BODY: The workshop was developed to meet the needs of program scientists as researchers and stewards of research funds, which often includes promoting scientific initiatives, advising prospective applicants, collaborating with grantees, and creating training programs. The workshop consisted of presentations from researchers with expertise in the design and interpretation of trials across the explanatory-pragmatic continuum. Presentations were followed by interactive, small-group exercises to solidify participants' understanding of the purpose and conduct of these trials, which were tailored to attendees' areas of expertise across the cancer control continuum and designed to reflect their scope of work as program scientists at NCI. A total of 29 program scientists from the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences and the Division of Cancer Prevention participated; 19 completed a post-workshop evaluation. Attendees were very enthusiastic about the workshop: they reported improved knowledge, significant relevance of the material to their work, and increased interest in pragmatic trials across the cancer control continuum. CONCLUSION: Training program scientists at major biomedical research agencies who are responsible for developing funding opportunities and advising grantees is essential for increasing the quality and quantity of pragmatic trials. Together with workshops for other target audiences (e.g., academic researchers), this approach has the potential to shape the future of pragmatic trials and continue to generate more and better actionable evidence to guide decisions that are of critical importance to health care practitioners, policymakers, and patients.

Ranking 2019 de investigación de las universidades públicas españolas / Research Ranking of Spanish Public Universities (2019)

ANTECEDENTES: los cambios producidos en el sistema universitario español con el proceso Bolonia hacen necesaria la realización periódica de informes de evaluación de la actividad investigadora. El objetivo de este estudio es actualizar el último ranking disponible de investigación de las universidades públicas españolas con los datos de 2013-2018. MÉTODO: se evaluó la producción y productividad de cada universidad, atendiendo a siete indicadores específicos y a una puntuación global: artículos en revistas indexadas en el JCR (Journal Citation Reports), tramos de investigación, proyectos I+D, tesis doctorales, ayudas FPU (formación de profesorado universitario), ayudas FPI (formación de personal investigador) y patentes. RESULTADOS: a nivel global, las universidades Complutense de Madrid, Barcelona y Granada se sitúan en las primeras posiciones en producción, mientras que las primeras posiciones en productividad son ocupadas por las universidades Pompeu Fabra, Autónoma de Madrid y Autónoma de Barcelona. CONCLUSIONES: las universidades que ocupan las primeras posiciones en este ranking se mantienen relativamente estables a lo largo del tiempo y son también las que destacan en clasificaciones internacionales

BACKGROUND: The changes produced in the Spanish university system due to the Bologna process require periodically updated evaluation reports of research activity. The objective of this study is to update the last available ranking of Spanish public universities, based on data from 2013-2018. METHOD: The production and productivity of each university were assessed based on seven specific indicators and a global score: articles in journals indexed in the JCR (Journal Citation Reports), research periods, R+D projects, doctoral theses, FPU (training of university professors) grants, FPI (training of personal researchers) grants, and patents. RESULTS: Globally, the universities Complutense of Madrid, Barcelona, and Granada hold the first positions in terms of production, while the first positions in terms of productivity are held by the universities Pompeu Fabra, Autonomous of Madrid, and Autonomous of Barcelona. CONCLUSIONS: The universities that hold the top positions in this ranking remain relatively steady over time and are also the Spanish universities that stand out in international classifications

[Research Ranking of Spanish Public Universities (2019)].

Research Ranking of Spanish Public Universities (2019). BACKGROUND: The changes produced in the Spanish university system due to the Bologna process require periodically updated evaluation reports of research activity. The objective of this study is to update the last available ranking of Spanish public universities, based on data from 2013-2018. METHOD: The production and productivity of each university were assessed based on seven specific indicators and a global score: articles in journals indexed in the JCR (Journal Citation Reports), research periods, R+D projects, doctoral theses, FPU (training of university professors) grants, FPI (training of personal researchers) grants, and patents. RESULTS: Globally, the universities Complutense of Madrid, Barcelona, and Granada hold the first positions in terms of production, while the first positions in terms of productivity are held by the universities Pompeu Fabra, Autonomous of Madrid, and Autonomous of Barcelona. CONCLUSIONS: The universities that hold the top positions in this ranking remain relatively steady over time and are also the Spanish universities that stand out in international classifications.

Public Health Data Collection and Implementation of the Revised Common Rule.

For the first time, the revised Common Rule specifies that public health surveillance activities are not research. This article reviews the historical development of the public health surveillance exclusion and implications for other foundational public health practices.